Ectopic pregnancies typically produce lower levels of hCG than normal preganancies.Serious urinary tract infections (with high levels of WBC, RBC and nitrite) can occasionally cause a false positive pregnancy test result.Therefore, the presence of hCG in urine should not be used to diagnose pregnancy unles these conditions have been ruled out. Elevated levels of hCG can be caused by a number of conditions other than pregnancy, including trophoblastic disease and some non-trophoblastic neoplasms such as testicular tumours, seminoma, choriocarcinoma, germ cell tumours, hydatiform mole formation, teratoma with elements of choriocarcinoma and islet cell tumour.hCG levels may remain detectable for several weeks after normal delivery, delivery by caesarian section, spontaneous abortion or therapeutic abortion.If pregnancy is suspected a first morning urine sample taken at least 48 hours from the date of this specimen may be of value. A very early pregnancy with low levels of hCG can give a negative result.If pregnancy is suspected, collect an early morning (first) urine sample and retest. with a low specific gravity) may not contain a representative levels of hCG, potentially leading to a false negative result. The test will become positive 7 - 10 days after conception and by the time of the first missed period levels frequently exceed 100 IU/L.The routine pregnancy test has a sensitivity of 25 IU/L.On the other hand, tests with low sensitivity stay "blind" to low levels of hCG and might easily ignore the existence of early pregnancy - this kind of event is called "the false negative". Tests with the highest sensitivity have extremely low cut-off values, which allows them to prove the presence of even a tiny amount of hCG accompanying the gestation. Various tests offer different quality and sensitivity, or the ability to detect a certain hCG level in urine or blood. As we can expect, the level of hCG rises along with the age of the pregnancy and reaches its peak values around the 10th week of gestation. The hCG is produced by the embryo and then by the placenta. The answer is simple: all the pregnancy tests work by detecting hCG. Now we may ask ourselves - how is it possible? Physicians usually recommend to take the test in the morning after the day of your missed period. You should wait a few days and try again for it to give more accurate result. If you took the test too early, you might be pregnant even though the test hasn't shown it yet. These antibodies, bonded with the hCG, form the second dark line in your positive pregnancy test. The pregnancy test contains antibodies which "attack" the particles of hCG present in the urine of a pregnant woman. hCG is a hormone produced first by the embryo and then by the placenta. Now that we know what it is, we can learn how it works!Īll the at-home pregnancy tests detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in your urine. Two dark lines or a plus indicates that you're pregnant, while one single line or a minus indicates an absence of pregnancy. Another popular type looks like a thermometer, and you need to pee directly on it to receive the results, which are also displayed in a rectangular window. The smaller window is reserved for drops of urine, and the bigger one displays the test result. The most common pregnancy test uses your urine to confirm or rule out the presence of a gestation.Ī typical pregnancy test looks like a tiny, white tile with two windows. You also don't need special training to operate them. Home pregnancy tests are simple to use and non-invasive, meaning that it doesn't hurt to use them. Women use pregnancy tests to easily check whether they're pregnant or not.
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